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Friday, April 18, 2014

Negotiation - Rest of Handout


Writing Style

Composition and style
  • Start with your audience
  • Create an outline
  • Use AIDA
  • Try some empathy
  • Use rhetorical triangle
  • Identify your main theme
  • Use simple language

Presentation

Four Principles of Great Presentation

  1. Understand your audience
  2. Prepare your content
  3. Deliver confidently
  4. Control your environment
Monroe's motivated sequence
  1. Get attention
  2. Establish the need
  3. Satisfy the need
  4. Visualize the future
  5. Action
Types of stories
  1. Who i am stories
  2. Why i'm here
  3. Values in action stories
  4. I know what you're thinking stories

Communication Basics

Communication Process


  1. Source
  2. Encoding
  3. Channel
  4. Decoding
  5. Receiver
  6. Feedback

To plan your communication

  1. Understand your objective
  2. Understand your audience
  3. Plan what you want to say and how to convey the message
  4. Seek feedback
Choosing the right channel

  • The sensitivity and emotional content
  • How easy it is to communicate detail
  • The receivers preference
  • Time constraint
  • The need to ask and answer questions
7 Cs of communication are:

  • Clear
  • Concise
  • Concrete
  • Correct
  • Coherent
  • Complete
  • Courteous

Body Language

First Impression and Confidence

  • Posture
  • Eye Contact
  • Gesture with hands and arms
  • Tone of voice
Difficult meetings and defensiveness
  • Hand gestures small and close to body
  • Facial expression minimal
  • Body physically turned away
  • Arms crossed
  • Eyes maintaining little contact
Working with groups and disengagement
  • Heads are down
  • Eyes are glazed
  • Writing or doodling
  • Slumped in chair
Lying
  • Eyes maintaining little or no contact
  • Hand or finger in front of mouth
  • Body turned away
  • Breathing rate
  • Complexion changes
  • Perspiration
  • Voice changes

Questioning Techniques

Questions are a powerful way of

  • Learning
  • Relationship building
  • Managing and coaching
  • Avoiding misunderstandings
  • Defusing a heated situation
  • Persuading people


Common Questioning Techniques


  • Open and Closed ended
  • Funnel Questions
  • Probing Questions
  • Leading Questions
  • Rhetorical Questions
Story Telling
  • Who am I
  • Why I'm here
  • Teaching
  • Vision
  • Values in action
  • I know what you are thinking
Rhetorical Triangle
  • Rational Appeals (Logos)
    • facts
    • case studies
    • statistics
    • experiments
    • logical reasoning
    • analogies
    • anecdotes
    • authority voices
  • Emotional Appeals (Pathos)
    • belief in fairness
    • love
    • pity
    • greed
    • lust
    • revenge
    • avarious
  • Ethical Appeals (Ethos)
    • trustworthiness
    • credibility
    • reliablity
    • expert testimony
    • reliable sources
    • fairness 

Chapter 9, 10, 11

Chapter 9

Structure
  • How much authority
  • How much information
  • Would disclosure of decision maker influence nature of agreement
  • How much potential does this person have regarding potential options

Norms and Values

Relationship

Communication
  • Focusing on common interest
  • Acknowledging the other party's perspective
  • Developing teflon personality
  • Focusing on positive aspects
  • Other reasons for situational dynamics
  • Expanding range of normality
  • Resist previlged discourse and promote harmonic discourse
Interdependence

Power

Chapter 10

Structure
  • People with information
  • Representatives
  • Parties
  • Public
Norms and Values
  • Explain and clarify information as it is shared
  • Build relationship
  • Listen without interruption
  • Acknowledge the hearing and understanding of information
  • Promote language that demonstrates mutual respect
  • Full disclosure of information early
  • View conflict as mutual problem
Relationship
  • Involve stakeholders early
  • Provide early response
  • Involve stakeholders in shaping agenda
  • Opportunity for non participating stakeholders to express opinion
  • Common ground - stakeholder solution, government protocols and decision making needs
Communication

Interdependence

Power

Community Negotiation Process

  • Prenegotiation
    • Select representatives from interest groups
    • Decide whether a third party necessary
    • Establish time, location and duration of meetings
    • Assemble background material
  • First phase
    • Establish purpose
    • Introduce participants
    • Agree on roles
    • Establish objective
    • Propose, discuss and agree on agenda
    • Discuss and agree on ground rules
    • Agree on the method by which decisions will be made
  • Second phase
    • Identify issues that generated need for negotiation
    • Discuss interests that each party considers important
    • Create task groups
    • Generate options for achieving desired results
    • Establish criteria for measuring the appropriateness, desirability, and acceptability of options
    • Apply criteria
    • Discuss implementation procedure
    • Create monitoring system
  • Third phase
    • Draft agreement
    • Reach final agreement

Chapter 11

Structure
  • Low Context
    • Conflict resolved in private
    • Settlements devoid of ritual
    • Avoid dispute resolution in favor of court settlement
    • Face to face preferred
    • Resolution defined by individuals involved
  • High Context
    • Method of resolution defined by group or culture
    • Conflict may be resolved in private, made public before discussion
    • Emphasize preventive measures
    • Settlements accompanied by rituals
    • Dispute resolution through intermediaries preferred
    • Regarded as failure when court resolution required
Norms and Values
  • Collective vs Individualistic
Relationship

Communication
  • Body language
  • Chronemics
Interdependence

Power
  • Power distance